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Why listening works better than reading

This is an audio app, not a page of affirmations you scroll past. That was a deliberate choice, based on two separate, well-established areas of research.

The production effect

Memory researchers have known for over a decade about something called the production effect: words that are spoken or heard aloud are remembered significantly better than the same words read silently. The leading explanation is distinctiveness. Hearing a word engages more of the brain, in more distinctive ways, than reading it silently does, and that extra engagement is what makes it stick.

Peer-reviewed source
MacLeod, C. M., Gopie, N., Hourihan, K. L., Neary, K. R., & Ozubko, J. D. (2010). The production effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(3), 671–685.
Read it on PubMed ↗

Follow-up research on hearing one's own voice specifically found it strengthens the effect further: statements heard in a self-relevant way are processed differently, and more durably, than the same statements read on a page.

The pronoun you use with yourself matters

Separately, psychologist Ethan Kross has spent years researching what he calls self-talk: the internal (or spoken) language people use to coach themselves through something hard. His research found that switching from first-person language ("I can handle this") to distanced language, using "you," your own name, or a more observer-style voice, measurably improves emotional regulation. Talking to yourself the way a trusted friend would talk to you creates a small amount of useful distance that pure first-person self-talk doesn't.

Peer-reviewed source
Kross, E., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Park, J., et al. (2014). Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(2), 304–324.
Read the paper (PDF) ↗

What this means for how we built the app

This is why your affirmation is something you listen to, not something you read, and why you're asked to choose between hearing it in the first person ("I") or the second person ("you") before it's generated. Neither choice is universally correct. The research says the right one is whichever actually feels like it's landing for you, which is exactly why we let you preview both and pick.

Continue reading

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